Road traffic causes about one-fifth of greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands. An electric car does not emit greenhouse gases and nitrogen dioxide. That is why the government encourages electric driving and makes our old car donation to a more needy cause, sort of a charitable organization. This is stated in the Climate Agreement.

Advantages of electric driving

Driving an electric car has several advantages:

• You can get an exemption from motor vehicle tax (MRB) and tax on passenger cars and motorcycles (BPM).
• You may have a lower tax addition.
• Electric driving is more economical than driving on petrol or diesel.
• No emissions of greenhouse gases, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter
• Contributes to cleaner air.
• Individuals can apply for a subsidy for fully electric cars.
• Entrepreneurs can apply for a subsidy for fully electric company cars.

Clean transport helps meet climate goals

The Climate Agreement states that the Netherlands must emit 49% less CO2 in 2030. In 2050, this will be 95%. Clean transport helps to achieve these goals. For example, all new passenger cars that will be on the market in 2030 must be 100% electric. These cars then run on electricity from a battery, hydrogen fuel cell, or solar panels.

Subsidy for electric passenger cars

The central government wants to make electric driving attractive for more private individuals. That is why private individuals can apply for a subsidy. The subsidy applies (subject to conditions) to:

• fully electric passenger cars in the smaller or compact middle class;
• the list price (original new price) is not lower than € 12,000 and does not exceed € 45,000;
• cars purchased or leased in the year in which subsidy is applied for and there is still money left;
• new and used electric passenger cars.

ALSO READ: Why Do We Make Politics So Complicated?

Charging 1.9 million electric cars in 2030

Electric cars need to be charged. There are more than 55,000 public charging stations on the street and in parking garages in the Netherlands. The National Charging Infrastructure Agenda (NAL) is the action to have 1.7 million charging points in the Netherlands by 2030. There are then about 1.9 million electric passenger cars in use.

Green Deals for Electric Driving

The government is working with other parties on agreements on sustainability in Green Deals. For example, the central government supports the use of electric vehicles in the transport sector. Think, for example, of electric lease cars, electric public transport, and electric taxis.

Energy labels for cars

New cars have an energy label. This energy label states, among other things, how much fuel the car consumes compared to cars of similar size.

Label for car tires

All new tires for cars and vans are covered by the European tire label. Allows you to compare tires in the field of fuel consumption.

Agreements on alternative fuels and energy savings

The central government stimulates the supply of environmentally friendly fuels for transport such as biodiesel. For example, with a subsidy. The Energy Agreement for Sustainable Growth contains agreements on energy-saving and more sustainable energy. These agreements have been made with employers, trade unions, and environmental organizations, among others.

Environmental zones for diesel cars

As of 1 January 2020, national rules apply to municipalities with environmental zones. In environmental zones, municipalities are allowed to ban older diesel cars, trucks, and buses that cause a lot of air pollution. Municipalities had their own rules for environmental zones until 1 January 2020. From 1 January to 29 October 2020, they will adapt these to the national rules.

According to the national rules as of 1 January 2020, the emission class of your diesel car, truck, or bus determines whether you can enter an environmental zone. Diesel cars with emission class 3 may only enter a yellow environmental zone. These cars will be up to 20 years old in 2020. Diesel with emission class 4 and higher are allowed to enter a green zone. These cars, trucks, or buses will be up to 15 years old in 2020.

Petrol-powered cars, buses, and trucks are always allowed to enter the environmental zone.

The important keys of Norway have been researched here in the middle of Oslo. A range of the very crucial country associations have been situated inside a radius of 1 kilometer: ” The Prime minister’s office, the Ministry of defense, Stortinget (parliament) and the principal bank, Norges Bank. Ministers, country secretaries, members of parliament, state officials, industry executives as well as other crucial staff participated in protecting the world’s security, our military, and our petroleum riches — totaling greater than 6000 billion kroner (NOK) — are still working in this region.

However, passers-by are scarcely conscious of the following fact: in a number of locations, someone has installed confidential transmitters that almost certainly behave as imitation mobile base channels. These so-called IMSI catchers can track all mobile actions from the vicinity. The individuals who conduct this surveillance equipment can in-principle track every individual moving in and outside of their parliament building, both us federal government offices or different associations in the location. They’re also able to select men such as collecting and eavesdropping data.

About Stortinget:

• One at the region Lille Grensen involving Karl Johans gate and Akersgata
• One at Nedre Vollgate

In Kvadraturen:

• One at the junction Rådhusgata — Skippergata
• One at Your Community in Akershusstranda.

In Parkveien:

• On Close to the junction Parkveien – Henrik Ibsens gate, near to the embassy.
• One at the junction Parkveien – HegdehaugsveienThe Fa-Ke base channels were busy.

A Large Number of findings
Through a few of the planet’s most advanced level encrypted cell-phones Aftenposten’s journalists have – throughout two weeks that autumn – tracked and revealed a range of locations from the town using the questionable mobile exercise. (See separate article on how we found below). We collaborated together Aeger Group along with also CEPIA Technologies, both of which may have measuring equipment to locating base channels that were bogus. In the fourteen days that they left quite a few dimensions which signify that the surveillance equipment with a level of odds is used actively in the middle of Oslo.

— When we’d made these findings to get a private business, then they’d have prompted a petition the government (politics) to start an evaluation, says by the director of CEPIA Technologies. He has a very long experience from the intelligence solutions of Norway, also it has helped authorities in states.

As a way to have the ability to find out with one hundred percent certainty what type of equipment is used, that the aim is, and also where its specific location is also, Aftenposten and the security businesses would need to attempt dimensions in the buildings. But the authorities are accredited for actions.

Very sophisticated and pricey
The imitation base channels shown throughout the observation will be within a so-called identification manner. The transmitters could enroll all cell phones and were switched.

How this equipment work indicates that very high-level systems have been included, together with costs between 500 000 kroner (approximately 85 000 dollars) and two million kroner (330 000 dollars). This type of equipment cannot be sold to men from NATO member states.

Director of this safety firm Aeger Group engaged in Aftenposten’s mapping. He has experience from the intelligence community.

He’s no uncertainty at all about the end:
— Just businesses with strong resources can hire the type of technical equipment included here.

The Full Parkveien could be tracked
Many ministers have a bond for lunch at our government’s guest-house Villa Parafina at the street Parkveien. Prime-minister enters the building and steps, only a couple yards.

Inside this area, where many others that the Israeli and American embassies are situated, our CryptoPhone over repeatedly enrolled exceptionally suspicious exercise. With a string of dimensions throughout a few days, the security businesses discovered two strategically-placed IMSI catchers that cover the cubes across Parkveien. Signs from your trick transmitters have a variety of 1000 yards with unobstructed perspective, and also a marginally shorter array in neighboring places.

Who’s behind?
The significant question is that works the imitation base channels at the heart of Oslo. And how long are they actually used?
Just the authorities, the Police Security Service (PST) along with also the National Security Authority (NSM) possess the jurisdiction, according to the Criminal Procedure Act and the Authorities Law, to use this type gear. However, no officer claims that the apparatus goes to them. Aftenposten does not have any reason to feel that the government stands contrary to the transmitters.

— Everything we all could say, is the fact the PST just to an extremely limited scope applies equipment that uses so-called portable regulated zones. So once we do, it’ll be even the identification of a criminal violation or a portion of measures. That is done on an authorized foundation, after having a court order,” says by authorities attorney at law enforcement Security Service.

Few men and women want to take a position if private businesses, foreign intellect or offenders possess the tools to preserve this kind of a large-scale espionage task in Oslo’s mobile system.

— Everything we now find will be that collecting of intellect on Norwegian land. Not many institutions in this nation are licensed to work with this type of gear,” says.

The Ministry of prosecution didn’t need to generate a direct discuss the topic. But the afternoon after receiving the consequences of Aftenposten’s diagnoses did personnel out of the National Security Authority appear on the roads of Oslo city, wanting to follow the prohibited base channels.

PST: Various gamers may be supporting this
— Lots of men and women possess a goal to get the phone communications of many others, claims from the officer at the section for preventative activity at PST. Aftenposten has revealed, out Stortinget and ministries, the clear presence of espionage equipment that tracks and intercepts phones.

— ” I feel that the findings are somewhat interesting, ” says department leader at the PST. He says players may be involved with this process.

— Lots of men and women have the aim to gain get to the cell communication of the others, and also we are aware that it’s happening. It may be players that are private plus it could be nation players, ” he states. The PST affirms that the degree of intellect activity in and contrary to Norway is elevated.

— I can’t mention that the findings you’ve made might be credited to countries’ prohibited intelligence task, however on the flip side, we can’t exclude the likelihood. We’re aware they have got a goal and the ability to achieve that.

– Can you imagine foreign intellect is involved?

— that I will not be based on those findings, say it involves foreign intelligence, however, that I will say we are alert to foreign intelligence services which have this type of capacity. And inside our work, we frighten against persons who manage interests against talking things onto the phone.

– Can you’re projecting something on the grounds of all Aftenposten’s information?

— The PST is working always to stop illegal intelligence activity. Most significant for all of us is to convince Norwegians associated with managing the interests of Norway, to minimize their vulnerability. For example, stay away from discussing things.

– What makes it difficult that you protect against this particular activity?

— This equipment involves no lasting setups, also you will find no sizeable antennas. It fits into a bag. The PST finds no purpose. It’s necessary for all of us to work well with preventative measures and lower the vulnerability, only to help produce the people know that in the event that you’ve got confidential, you ought not to discuss it in an open line,” stated.

NSM appears into the Probability of espionage
The National Security Authority was advised concerning Aftenposten’s discovery of bogus mobile base channels. That they started his investigations at the heart of Oslo near buildings.

— ” We take that very seriously, ” states with the way of ahead of this section with all the NSM.
We started our own investigations just after receiving the advice out of Aftenposten, explains Pretorius.
It’s not understood who deployed that the imitation base channels (IMSI catchers ), the gear used to track communications. Pretorius affirmed that signals were discovered by the security capacity at the middle of Oslo from IMSI catchers.

— ” We started off tracing the locations at which Aftenposten had been. We examine this especially with a view to where is a requirement association — other buildings that are vital as well as demonstrably government offices, claims Pretorius. He adds our assignment concerns.

Examined central Structures
— the outcomes exhibited by Aftenposten’s poll make us sharpen our own personal analyses. We did this on Friday, ” says Pretorius.

– Can you discover IMSI catchers, as Aftenposten did?

— We found matters. We do not have the data ready so as to discover signs. However, we did enroll signs at the exact middle of the town from IMSI catchers, ” he stated. He adds That It’s too premature to state just how many and in which, or even ability and exactly what kinds they’ve

Complicated disclosure
Pretorius claims that the findings have been worrying.

— we don’t know the goals of people who are behind that, and the IMSI catchers are still here, and also what they have been collecting. But now we have been currently trying to obtain that out now, he states.

— It’s crucial for all of us to procure our own communicating. If points happen to be manipulated, somebody might get the chance to listen to conversations to spot and discover out men’ whereabouts. Of course, he states. As stated by the NSM, it can be tricky to pinpoint the location of an IMSI catcher. The gear might be changed off occasionally, the signs are going and coming. Additionally, these signs have to be connected to base channels that were real. This can be a demanding job regarding technical time and equipment.

This is how the Fake Cell Tower Do the Job

• The imitation base channels – or cell systems – can track tens of thousands of taxpayers in Oslo daily.
• They’ve precisely exactly the exact same size for being a laptop or personal laptop system, cost between 10 000 and 1 2 million kroner (less compared to 2, 000 up to two million dollars). The portable network of Oslo is made by them.
• The signs from the imitation base station nearby the junction Rådhusgata/ / Skippergata will float for 20-30 minutes.
• They disappear off.
• Several minutes after, the air signs return again. They have been too strong, plus so they result out of somewhere they need to not result out from.
• The alert strikes – including as for example, for instance, boligalarm (residential alert ) – to the complex Falcon II-equipment belonging into this security-experts Aftenposten cooperates with. We chose up the signs a base channel that was bogus, by an IMSI catcher.
• The Falcon II indicates that signs are from the surveillance point just 50 — 100 yards off, probably hidden within a workplace, a window, either a vehicle or even a little bag. Almost certainly it’s placed a couple hundred meters from the
• Prime minister’s office (SMK), the Ministry of defense, both the former Ministry staff as well as Norges Bank, the former principal bank.

IMSI Catchers

• Intelligence staff, military, and police males refer to this imitation base channels.
• An IMSI catcher attempts to make it as attractive as you can, as a way to convince your mobile to select its own signs in the place of these via most of-of the lawful base channels in the area. It gives data designed to deceive your device and signs. And making them simple to find, knowing what you’re searching for, as stated by the director of CEPIA Technologies, the organization which ran the observation.

Complex equipment in Oslo
— Among those IMSI catchers we enrolled is really technically complex that it functions in double circles, states by the security company Aeger. This equipment determines a device in a limited moment and will get.

Steps to Additional surveillance
At the very first stage, IMSI catchers can only be utilized for collecting data from the sim card. Even the gadgets can enroll a few hundred amounts in only a couple minutes.

When your cell phone was discovered by a bogus base station, it is going to bear in mind that you wind up near to the channel, plus it might get a handle on exactly what your phone is going to be let to execute.

Subsequently, the IMSI catcher can go into a dynamic manner as a way to eavesdrop on certain conversations. The IMSI catcher will transmit the dialog into the GSM-system that is true. By which they have the ability to listen to every single word, However, the spies are still hanging between.

Additionally, the imitation base channel can enroll SMS-messages and put in spyware that empowers anybody to change on the mike. If that’s the circumstance, the phone could be useful for offices or tracking rooms.

Even though Aftenposten’s evaluation is the very 1st of its kind in Norway, security police, law enforcement, criminals and spies have applied the exact equipment for 10 or more decades. It’s particularly effective when hunting offenders and commanding communication as a way to avoid detonation of bombs that are remote-controlled.

The Technique
That really is the way Aftenposten found the imitation base channels in Oslo.

• Aftenposten used a few of the planet’s most advanced level encrypted cell phones, the CryptoPhone, as a way to determine questionable mobile activity from the Oslo region.
• This cellphone was made by the provider GSMK and can be spread in Norway from Multisys. Communications can be analyzed by it from one’s phone’s chip, as it finds action signifying the existence of base stations 29, also it responds.
• Aftenposten made 50 000 dimensions throughout 5 7 distinct expeditions, covering 100 km in the roads in the vicinity of Oslo. The path was photographed together with location data.
• Every sign was commanded for potential sources of error, as an instance, indicate strength, inadequate policy, bridges, tunnels, along with imprecise GPS-positions. 122 episodes were, as stated by the CryptoPhone, signaling a base station near.
• This substance was filed into the cellular firms Telenor and Netcom, Law Enforcement Security Service and the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority such as remarks. Not one of them might state if or not they had advice concerning base channels that are bogus. Telenor didn’t want to meet up with Aftenposten, they would answer within an email.
• As another step, this paper went right to a collaboration with the Norwegian safety company Aeger Group, and also the British-Norwegian-Czech firm CEPIA Technology.
• The two businesses have been directed by Norwegians with long experience from military intelligence. Private associations and state governments hire them to find surveillance.
• According to Aftenposten’s advice, the security businesses sought out signs at several locations from the Oslo-area from fourteen days no. 49 and 50. Complex equipment that was counter-intelligence was used by them.
• This observation makes it feasible to spot very higher probability the positioning of IMSI catchers down into a distance of 50 meters. As a way to pinpoint the place, an individual could require authorities authority to assumptions and gain gets to offices.

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